GMS Field Trip December 2021
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Mississippian Fossils & Geodes in Tennessee
Saturday, December 18, 2021
Rain made us delay this trip for a week, then decided to tag along with us during the rescheduled trip. The day started a bit soggy, but cleared up long enough for everyone to collect a few coral fossils nearby before the caravan headed off. When we arrived at the main collecting site, we could see that crinoid fossils were abundant and easy to find. Within a few minutes of hitting the ground, everyone found several crinoid stems, as well as plates with crinoid stems. Some crinoid stems had a star-shaped pattern in the center, so with a nod to Dr. Seuss, we nicknamed them “star bellied sneetches,” then delighted in the search for our stellar friends. Junior members had great success finding unusual stems, bryozoans, and other curious fossils. A few elusive calyxes went home as prizes too.
After a quick lunch break, we headed off to find geodes. The rain that played with us that morning returned to taunt us that afternoon as we hiked to the geode location, but it tapered off just in time for some geode collecting fun. Everyone found a few geodes before the rain visited again, a little more adamant about chasing us away. And yet, the intrepid group was not going to let a little rain dampen its spirit, so we continued collecting. Alas, it wasn’t long before a brisk breeze swept over us and we realized it was a sign of things to come. We could have stayed a bit longer, but everyone was happy with their geodes, so we packed up our prizes and hiked out. We bid each other adieu and returned home to dream about crinoids and geodes and our magical day of shared adventures.
Lori Carter
On behalf of Charles Carter, Field Trip Chair
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Coral
Photos by Lori Carter



Members made small piles of fossilized coral to take home
Photos by Lori Carter






At first, this one looked like cross sections of shells,
though on closer inspection, it appears to be something else.
But what is it? Maybe crinoid or blastoid stems?
Photos by Lori Carter


This one looked like a shell at first too, but maybe not?
Crinoids
Image by Maryland Geological Survey

Basic stalked crinoid anatomy
The crinoid fossils we collected are about 330-347 million years old.
Image Credit: Maryland Geological Survey E.S. No. 4, p. 38, Fig. 35
Photo by Lori Carter

Plenty of crinoid stems!
Photo by Lori Carter

Pretty little plate of crinoid stems
Photo by Lori Carter

A sharp-eyed junior found this oval crinoid stem segment
Photo by Lori Carter

This spiky crinoid stem is another excellent junior find
Photo by Lori Carter

This cool stem with a pattern resembling a spider web was also found by a junior!
Photos by Lori Carter


Star bellied sneetches!
Photo by Lori Carter

This little stem is completely circled by fossilized goo
Photos by Lori Carter


A crinoid stem preserved with the interior structure visible
Photos by Lori Carter


First calyx of the day!
Photos by Lori Carter


Another calyx!
Photos by Lori Carter



And another calyx! Notice the fine details preserved on the bottom of this one.
Photo by Lori Carter

Gorgeous calyx!
Photos by Lori Carter


Last calyx of the day! Cute little "baby blue" Agaricocrinus
Photos by Cristina Clines



Plate chock full of crinoid fossils including what appear to be 2 partial calyxes!
Photos by Lori Carter


Example of a plate of crinoid stem columnals
Charles ground the bottom of the plate so it would stand up as a nice display
Photos by Lori Carter


Most stems and plates we find are round, but this plate has oval columnals!
(Photographed wet. The rock, not me)
Photos by Lori Carter


This is a sedimentary rock composed almost entirely of crinoid stems!
Crinoids were so plentiful that a rock like this is not uncommon.
In fact, they have their own name -- "encrinite".
Photo by Lori Carter

Calyx from a prior trip posing on a book that was available only a few days before this trip:
"Collectors Guide to Fort Payne Crinoids and Blastoids" by William Morgan
Photos by Lori Carter



What is the stuff on the crinoid stem? Is it something coming out, or something going in?
Though I could not find much information on what happened to crinoid stems like this one,
it could be a process called "geodization", whereby silica bloats and distorts a fossil as it expands from the inside.
Photos by Lori Carter




Multiple views of a puzzling crinoid fossil. Is it a calyx? Arms?
It has been tentatively identified as a partialy "geodized" calyx missing its cup
Other Fossils
Photo by Lori Carter

Horn coral (left) and brachiopod (right)
Photos by Lori Carter



Juniors became quite skillful at finding bryozoans in the shale
Photo by Lori Carter

This brachiopod specimen includes the fossilized shell as well as an impression in the shale
Photos by Lori Carter


One of the juniors found this superb shell in shale
Photos by Lori Carter


At first glance this looks like a crinoid stem embedded in the rock.
But take a closer look and one may question that.
The matrix is thin, and the fossil fairly flat. But if not crinoid -- what?
Photos by Lori Carter


Hard to tell at first, but a close look leads us to branching bryozoans
Geodes
Photo by Lori Carter

One of the juniors found some nice geodes already broken open!
Photo by Lori Carter

The crystals in this geode have a lovely orange/red color
Photo by Lori Carter

One junior got good at breaking open geodes and took home this beauty!
Photos by Lori Carter




Geode hunting before the rain...
Photo by Lori Carter

...but even when the rain came we kept on going...
Photos by Lori Carter


...then the wind finally convinced us to call it a day
Photo by Lori Carter

Saw this little "fun guy" on the way in and stopped to say "bye" on the way out
Photo by Lori Carter

One of the juniors spotted this little guy
Photo by Lori Carter

The moon peeked down at us from behind the clouds on our way home
Hong, Eugeneah, and Caden's Favorites
Photos by Hong Thov


(Top) Fossil corals all cleaned up
-and-
(Bottom) A piece of a calyx (left) plus two crinoid calyxes! (right)
Photos by Hong Thov


This is the first time we have seen this type of branching bryozoan at this location!
Photos by Hong Thov


This is probably a crinoid stem, but if it is, it's really flat!
Photo by Hong Thov

An impressive assortment of crinoid stems and plates
Photos by Hong Thov


Geodes!
Photos by Hong Thov



Geodized coral!
Alex and Sarah Kate's Favorites
Photos by Kallie Brunson

Juniors show their favorite finds from the trip
Photos by Kallie Brunson

A beautiful geode filled with sparkling quartz crystals
Photos by Kallie Brunson

A geode that has yet to be cracked open
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